HPV – Page 47 – Oral Cancer News

ACOG Endorses Guidelines on HPV Vaccination

Source: MedPage Today Author: John Gever The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is adding its weight to recommendations that 11- and 12-year-old girls be vaccinated against human papillomavirus (HPV) and that "catch-up" shots are a good idea for unvaccinated teens and young women up to age 26. In a new statement, ACOG's Committee on Adolescent Health Care also stressed that Pap smears are still necessary for women starting at 21, even if they've been vaccinated against HPV. Current vaccines do not protect against all viral strains, and vaccination does not clear preexisting infections. Two HPV vaccines are now available: a bivalent product (Cervarix) that protects against genotypes 16 and 18; and a quadrivalent product (Gardasil) that protects against the same two strains plus genotypes 6 and 11. The new statement, published online in Obstetrics & Gynecology, updates one issued in 2006 when the quadrivalent product was approved. The bivalent vaccine was approved last October. The federal Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices has recommended that girls first receive HPV immunization at age 11 or 12, before becoming sexually active, and the ACOG committee said that was appropriate in most cases. "Depending on the circumstances, the vaccine can be given to individuals as young as age 9 years," the committee indicated. Vaccination before the start of sexual activity ensures maximal effectiveness, but ACIP has recommended catch-up vaccination for sexually active young women who have not received either product. The ACOG committee endorsed the recommendation, noting that the vaccines may even be given [...]

Charlotte Parker2010-10-13T16:40:03-07:00October, 2010|Oral Cancer News|

HPV ‘Epidemic’ Behind Increases in Oral Cancer

Source: MedPage Today Author: Crystal Phend Rising rates of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma may stem from a new epidemic of sexually-transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV), according to a review. The incidence of oral cancer has been on the rise over recent decades in the U.S. and some northern European countries, noted Torbjörn Ramqvist, of the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, and Tina Dalianis, of the Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control in Solna, Sweden. The corresponding increase in the percentage of those tumors positive for HPV over the past 10 years isn't simply because of more sensitive testing, they wrote in the November issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases. For example, the Swedish Cancer Registry documented a 2.8-fold increase in tonsillar cancer around Stockholm from 1970 to 2002. Examination of all available tonsillar cancer samples indicated a rise in HPV-positive tumors over this period from 23% to 68%, with a further jump to 93% by 2007. Similar patterns were seen for tumors at the base of the tongue, the second most common type of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. "We suggest that this increase is caused by a slow epidemic of HPV infection–induced oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma," Ramqvist and Dalianis wrote in the paper. Changes in sexual patterns are likely to blame, "such as increased oral sex or increasing numbers of sex partners," they added. The HPV-positive rate is much higher -- at 45% to 100% -- in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas than for other types of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, in which [...]

Charlotte Parker2010-10-13T16:37:25-07:00October, 2010|Oral Cancer News|

Nuances in the changing epidemiology of head and neck cancer

Source: Cancer Network Author: Daniel C. Beachler, MHS Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies caused by the traditional risk factors of tobacco, alcohol, and poor oral hygiene, as well as more recently identified roles of human papillomavirus (HPV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).[1-3] We commend Kim and colleagues on their comprehensive review of the epidemiology of HNSCC. There has been a clear change in the epidemiology of HNSCC which has further accentuated differences in etiology, survival, and demographics among HNSCC patients. We will discuss several important nuances of this changing epidemiology, including the role of tobacco, race, sexual behavior, and gender, as well as HNSCC in nonsmokers and nondrinkers. As tobacco use has declined over the past several decades,[4,5] so has the number of cancers caused by tobacco and alcohol.[1,6,7] Continued decline in tobacco use and associated HNSCC is not guaranteed, however; in fact, some recent evidence suggests rates of tobacco use in the US may be stabilizing.[5] In contrast, the incidence of HPV-associated HNSCC has increased over the past several decades,[7] although it is unclear what is driving this change. The increasing incidence of HPV-associated HNSCC could be related to changes in oral sexual practices resulting in more oral HPV infection, or it may be explained by increased persistence and progression due to changes in relevant cofactors. Kim and colleagues noted in their review that HPV-associated HNSCC largely occurs among nonsmokers and nondrinkers. While it is true that HNSCC patients with HPV-associated disease [...]

Charlotte Parker2010-09-30T12:46:32-07:00September, 2010|Oral Cancer News|

Actor’s diagnosis puts spotlight on oral cancer

By: Donna Domino, Associate Editor Source: DrBicuspid.com Actor Michael Douglas' recent revelation that he has stage IV oropharyngeal cancer has highlighted the growing incidence of oral cancer, and experts say dentists can help stem the alarming increase of the disease by checking for it during routine examinations. “Tobacco is no longer the only bad guy.” — Brian Hill, executive director, Oral Cancer Foundation The actor's cancer includes a walnut-sized tumor at the base of his tongue, and he will require radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery. Douglas says his doctors told him he has an 80% survival rate if it hasn't spread to his lymph nodes. While tobacco was the prime cause of oral cancer in the past, recent studies have attributed the steady increase of the disease to the human papillomavirus (HPV). There are approximately 130 versions of HPV but only nine cause cancers, and the HPV16 version causes almost half of the oral cancers in the U.S., said Brian Hill, executive director of the Oral Cancer Foundation. "Tobacco is no longer the only bad guy," he told DrBicuspid.com. “HPV16 is increasing in incidence as the causative etiology, and if it continues on this trend line, it will replace tobacco as the primary cause of oral cancers." Dentists can play a key role in catching the disease in its early stages if they check for it during examinations, Hill pointed out. "But many dentists think it's such a rare disease that they don't bother to screen for it," he said. [...]

Charlotte Parker2017-03-29T19:08:30-07:00September, 2010|OCF In The News, Oral Cancer News|

Can saliva-based HPV tests establish cancer risk and guide patient management?

Source: Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology doi:10.1016 Author: Mark W. Lingen, DDS, PhD Section Editor, Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common malignancy in the world today.1 Despite numerous advances in treatment, the 5-year survival rate has remained modest. This poor outcome is due to several factors, including delayed diagnosis. Therefore, improved early detection and effective prevention strategies are critical components for management of this malignancy. The etiology of classical HNSCC has been attributed to chronic exposure to tobacco and alcohol.2 In addition, there is now sufficient evidence to support the contention that high-risk forms of the human papillomavirus (HPV) are a major causative factor for HNSCC of the tonsil, base of tongue, and oropharynx.3-8 The increasing importance of HPV in oropharyngeal HNSCC has raised considerable concern and uncertainty among healthcare professionals and patients. For example, I am often asked to describe the clinical features of HPV-associated premalignant lesions. Unfortunately, to my knowledge, the clinical spectrum of HPV-associated premalignant disease has not been adequately described. Furthermore, because this subset of HNSCC often develops in hard to- examine locations, such as tonsillar crypts, it can be exceedingly difficult to even identify the carcinomas. In the absence of such information, how can clinicians identify patients that are at increased risk for harboring an HPV-associated premalignant lesions or HNSCC? Recently, a large commercial diagnostic lab began offering a saliva-based test for the identification of oral HPV infections. As a result of this new offering, I [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2010-08-31T12:09:37-07:00August, 2010|Oral Cancer News|

Dermatologist discusses advantages of vaccines that prevent human papillomavirus and herpes zoster

Source: www.prnewswire.com Author: public release Vaccines have a long history of successfully preventing disease and, in effect, improving the lives of countless Americans. Now, two serious diseases – human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes zoster – could become a thing of the past as people better understand the safety and efficacy of vaccines to prevent these serious viral infections in specific populations. At the American Academy of Dermatology's Summer Academy Meeting 2010 in Chicago, dermatologist Jeffrey M. Weinberg, MD, FAAD, associate clinical professor of dermatology at Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City, highlighted the significant benefits associated with these two new vaccines. HPV Vaccine Protects Girls and Boys HPV is a group of viruses commonly linked to the sexually transmitted diseases known as genital HPV infection, which have long been associated with the development of cervical cancer, a life-threatening cancer. According to the American Cancer Society's 2010 estimates, approximately 4,210 women will die from cervical cancer in the United States. In 2006, a breakthrough vaccine was approved by the FDA for the prevention of HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18. HPV types 6 and 11 are responsible for more than 90 percent of all cases of genital warts, and HPV types 16 and 18 cause 70 percent of all cervical cancers. Although the vaccine is specifically approved for use in females 9 to 26 years of age, Dr. Weinberg acknowledged that many people are still reluctant to get the vaccination due to a lack of [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2010-08-29T08:09:12-07:00August, 2010|Oral Cancer News|

European Commission amends licence for Cervarix

Source: www.pharmpro.com Author: press release GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) confirmed today that the European Commission has granted Marketing Authorisation to amend the licence for its cervical cancer vaccine, Cervarix®. The approval from the European Commission is important as it recognises the extent of cervical cancer protection demonstrated by Cervarix®, which was not highlighted by the previous indication. The licence amendment is supported by data from the largest efficacy trial of a cervical cancer vaccine conducted to date, the PATRICIA study, and acknowledges that Cervarix® has shown efficacy beyond HPV 16 and 18, the two virus types contained in the vaccine. The summary of product characteristics (SPC) for Cervarix® will be updated to include the prevention of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer causally related to certain strains of the human papillomavirus (HPV) and will reflect data showing efficacy against the two vaccine types contained in the vaccine (HPV 16 and 18) and the three next most common cancer-causing virus types (HPV 31, 33 and 45).* Together these five HPV types (16, 18, 31, 33 and 45) account for 80 percent of all cervical cancers. Note: 1. Vaccine efficacy is different for each of the HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 45, and varies in different cohorts and endpoints.

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2010-08-25T05:27:36-07:00August, 2010|Oral Cancer News|

Should boys also get vaccinated for HPV?

Source: www.npr.org Author: Brenda Wilson Many adolescents are having back-to-school visits with their doctors. That usually means shots — including, for some, the HPV vaccine. It's mainly given to adolescent girls to protect against the human papillomavirus, which causes cervical cancer. But there's a debate among scientists about whether to immunize boys as well. 'Herd Immunity' If this were a high school debate, it would go something like this: Be it resolved that all adolescent girls and boys should be vaccinated against HPV before they are sexually active, since more than half of all sexually active men and women will get HPV at some point in their lives. In the affirmative, there's Dr. Doug Lowy, co-inventor of the HPV vaccine who works at the National Cancer Institute. He says that since just 11 percent of girls now get all three doses of the vaccine and less than half get even one dose, rates of HPV in the U.S. are unlikely to come down very much. So, he says, let's offer the vaccine to boys as well. "When the percentage of girls getting vaccinated are in the 30 to 40 percent range, vaccinating boys is suggested to have a substantial enhancing impact on trying to protect those girls who are not vaccinated," Lowy says. He says it would provide "herd immunity." Boys don't get cervical cancer, but they can transmit HPV. So vaccinating boys would reduce the amount of HPV circulating in the population. Practical Dilemmas Speaking for the opposing side, [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2010-08-22T12:21:20-07:00August, 2010|Oral Cancer News|

Hollywood star’s diagnosis highlights high risk of mouth cancer

Source: www.dentalhealth.org.uk Author: press release THE British Dental Health Foundation, which runs UK Mouth Cancer Action Month each November, is calling for more attention to be paid to mouth cancers reminding people that there is a death from mouth cancer on average every five hours in the UK. Oral health experts and the Foundation are advising the public to regularly check their mouths after news broke this week of actor Michael Douglas being diagnosed with oral cancer. The Academy Award winner has recently been diagnosed with a tumour in his throat, and now faces an eight–week cause of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This high profile case has brought oral cancers into the lime light, and oral health experts are keen to make the public more aware of the key risk factors and early warning signs. Douglas quit smoking in 2006, after a long ‘half a packet a day’ habit. Yet, the possibility of developing oral cancer remains higher for ex–smokers than non–smokers for 20 years after quitting. Tobacco is considered to be the main cause of mouth cancer, with three in four cases being linked to smoking. Drinking in excess is also a known factor, with those who both smoke and drink to excess being up 30 times more likely to be at risk. The Chief Executive of the British Dental Health Foundation, Dr Nigel Carter said: “It is crucial the public know about the risk factors and early symptoms as early detection can save lives. Survival rates can increase from [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2010-08-19T19:03:52-07:00August, 2010|Oral Cancer News|

Oral Cancer Foundation Combines Guerilla Marketing With Tech Savvy for Public Good

Source: The Oral Cancer Foundation Author: Staff HUNTINGTON BEACH, Calif., Aug. 16 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- This past weekend the US Open of Surfing, sponsored by action sports industry giant Hurley International was held in "Surf City" attracting over 500,000 visitors during the three-day event. The crowd of sun and surf lovers was dominated by teens and 20 somethings that besides their love of the beach also shared their connectivity to social networking environments, often with multi-functional smart phones. For the Oral Cancer Foundation who needs to spread important medical information about risk factors for the disease they represent, to a group of individuals that are increasingly becoming part of the "at risk" population, this was a mix of ingredients too rich to miss. (Photo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20100816/DC51095 ) (Photo: http://www.newscom.com/cgi-bin/prnh/20100816/DC51095 ) Oral cancer itself is off the radar of most Americans, let alone the fact that the fastest growing segment of the oral cancer population are young, non-smoking, and predominantly white. Historically this has not been the case. Individuals with several decades of tobacco use, in their fifth to seventh decade of life, two-to-one black over white, and 3-1 males over females have been the relatively stable high-risk population for decades. But today, a very common virus is changing all that. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has around 130 versions, 9 are known causes of cancer, and another 6 are often found in association with those. The most commonly known cancer associated with HPV is cervical cancer. But to most Americans the other cancers that HPV [...]

Charlotte Parker2010-08-22T21:00:30-07:00August, 2010|OCF In The News, Oral Cancer News|