head and neck cancer – Page 13

The Oral Cancer Foundation Helps Sponsor HPV/Oral Cancer Study

Source: Jada.org An increase in the incidence and survival of oropharyngeal cancer in the United States since 1984 can be attributed to the human papilloma-virus (HPV) infection, say researchers in an article published online Oct. 3 in Journal of Clinical Oncology. The results of previous studies have shown that oropharyngeal cancers can be divided into two separate diseases with distinct causes: HPV-negative cancers, which are associated with tobacco and alcohol use; and HPV-positive cancers, which are linked to certain types of HPV, a sexually transmitted virus. Patients with HPV-positive oropharyngeal cancer tend to be younger than and to have better survival rates than patients with HPV-negative cancer. To determine HPV infection’s role, researchers led by Anil K. Chaturvedi, PhD, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., tested for HPV infection 271 archived samples of cancerous oropharyngeal tissue collected between 1984 and 2004 at three population-based cancer registries located in Hawaii, Iowa and Los Angeles in the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Residual Tissue Repositories Program. By using a variety of molecular assays, researchers found that the proportion of oropharyngeal cancers that were HPV-positive—particularly among men—increased over time, from 16.3 percent for cancers diagnosed from 1984 to 1989 to 72.7 percent for cancers diagnosed from 2000 to 2004. They also found that the incidence of HPV-negative oropharyngeal cancers declined by 50 percent between 1988 and 2004, likely due to declines in smoking and tobacco use. According to senior author Maura Gillison, MD, PhD, a professor of [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-11-01T09:48:55-07:00November, 2011|OCF In The News, Oral Cancer News|

CDC Committee Recommends Boys Receive HPV Vaccine

Source: CNN.com A federal government advisory committee voted Tuesday to recommend that boys and young men, from ages 11 to 21, be vaccinated against the human papilloma virus, commonly referred to as HPV. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices says the vaccine series can be started as early as age 9. Twelve members of the committee voted in favor of a recommendation that 11- and 12-year-old boys be vaccinated; one member abstained. A separate vote involving males age 13 to 21 was split. Eight voted for it; five voted against, and one abstained. The same recommendation said males age 22 through 26 may be vaccinated. HPV is the No. 1 sexually transmitted disease in the United States. At least 50% of sexually active people will get it at some point in their lives. Study: Males should get HPV vaccine too The HPV votes took place as part of the advisory committee's meeting in Atlanta, Georgia. The HPV vaccine is already recommended for females between the ages of 9 and 26 to reduce the risk of cervical cancer. The CDC recommends girls get the vaccine at age 11 or 12. The FDA approved the first HPV vaccine, Gardasil, back in 2006. The second vaccine, Cervarix, was approved in 2009. The vaccine is given in three doses. Gardasil also protects against most genital warts and has been shown to protect against anal, vaginal and vulvar cancers, all of which are associated with HPV, according to the [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-10-25T13:47:57-07:00October, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

New Guidelines for Reirradiation of Head and Neck Cancer

Source: Medscape News Today When head and neck cancer recurs and surgery is not an option, reirradiation provides the only potentially curative option. However, because the tumor often recurs in the same place or very close to tissue that has already been irradiated, this treatment approach represents a "significant challenge." For this reason, it should be handled at a tertiary-care center, according to a new guideline issued by the American College of Radiology. Specifically, it stipulates that the tertiary center should have a head and neck oncology team that is equipped with the resources and the experience to manage the complexities and toxicities of retreatment. In the guideline, published in the International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, a panel of experts outline appropriateness criteria for various clinical scenarios that arise with such patients. It provides a consensus on how patients should be managed. "This is an important document because it is the first set of guidelines for the potentially curative treatment of patients who have regrowth of head and neck tumors. It provides a consensus on how patients should be managed," coauthor Madhur Kumar Garg, MD, said in a statement. Dr. Garg is from the Department of Radiation Oncology at Montefiore Medical Center, in the Bronx, New York, where about a dozen reirradiation procedures are performed annually. Commitment to Retreatment Retreatment is justified because clinical trial results have shown that local treatment improves overall survival, the panel of experts notes. However, they emphasize that, before a commitment to [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-10-18T10:35:08-07:00October, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

New Therapies and Prognostic Techniques Highlighted in Head and Neck Cancer

The Asco Post D. Neil Hayes, MD, MPH, of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, described efforts to position the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor cetuximab (Erbitux) in head and neck cancer treatment. Surprisingly negative results came from the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 0522 trial (N = 940), which showed no benefit to adding cetuximab to the radiation/cisplatin platform for front-line therapy of advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.1 At 2 years, progression-free survival was approximately 64% in both arms; overall survival was 79.7% with chemoradiation (P = .68) and 82.6% with the addition of cetuximab (P = .17). Rates of locoregional relapse and distant metastases were also similar. Cetuximab increased grade 3/4 mucositis (43% vs 33%;P < .004), in-field skin toxicity (25% vs 15%;P < .001), and out-of-field skin reactions (19% vs 1%;P < .001), but toxicity beyond 90 days was similar between the arms. "RTOG 0522 was the study of the year in head and neck cancer. Unfortunately, it was flat-out negative," Dr. Hayes noted. No differential effect emerged by p16 (HPV status). "While 70% of patients had oropharynx tumors (suggesting HPV positivity), tissue collection was lacking in half the patients. Our ability to make inferences with this amount of missing data is very limited," Dr. Hayes said. Even as a negative study, RTOG 0522 is practice-changing. "Many physicians have been treating with this regimen, assuming this study would be positive," he said. "But we now have no data to support this." Cetuximab Equivalent [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-10-18T09:58:29-07:00October, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

New Improved HPV Diagnostic Test for Head and Neck Cancer

Source: EurekAlert! Philadelphia -- Researchers have determined that a combination of P16 immunohistochemistry and DNA qPCR to test for viral E6 can accurately determine the oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, a form of head and neck cancer, which derive from HPV16, according to a study published in Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. "This has immediate clinical applications as we consider recruitment to clinical trials designed to de-escalate the intensity of therapy based on HPV status" said lead researcher Andrew Schache, D.D.S., M.D., research fellow and surgeon at the University of Liverpool. Schache said that the attention surrounding HPV, particularly in the last several years, has given rise to a number of diagnostic tests, but the evaluation of these tests has lagged behind. For the current study, Schache and colleagues evaluated eight possible combinations of known diagnostic tests on 108 cases of HPV16 derived oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. They used viral gene expression as the standard marker. "Viral gene expression has 100 percent specificity and sensitivity, but it requires very high quality tissue that is often not available," said Schache. After evaluating the tests, they found that a combination of DNA qPCR and P16 immunohistochemistry had 97 percent sensitivity, a measure of accurate positive tests, and 94 percent specificity, a measure of accurate negative tests. Both of these assays are commercially available in proprietary and generic forms, Schache said, so the combination test could be administered. "Getting the diagnosis right is extremely important because cases [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-10-04T11:07:06-07:00October, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

Palifermin Decreases Severe Oral Mucositis of Patients Undergoing Postoperative Radiochemotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Source: OncologyStat.com TAKE-HOME MESSAGE This randomized, placebo-controlled trial found that weekly palifermin was associated with decreased incidence and duration of severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing postoperative chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer. SUMMARY OncologySTAT Editorial Team Combined chemoradiotherapy (CRT) offers improved outcomes after resection of locally advanced head and neck cancer but also increases the risk of oral mucositis, a debilitating and potentially dose-limiting toxicity of locoregional treatment. Palifermin, an analogue of keratinocyte growth factor, is FDA approved to prevent and treat mucositis in patients undergoing high-dose myelotoxic therapy for hematologic malignancies. In this multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Henke et al evaluated whether palifermin reduces severe oral mucositis in patients undergoing CRT after surgical resection of locally advanced head and neck cancer. Adult patients receiving postoperative CRT for high-risk stage II to IVB head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and with an ECOG performance status of 0 to 2 were enrolled from 38 centers in Europe, Australia, and Canada. Eligible study patients were stratified by tumor location (oral cavity/oropharynx or hypopharynx/larynx) and residual tumor (R0 [complete resection] or R1 [incomplete resection]). Study patients received a radiation dose of 60 Gy (R0 group) or 66 Gy (R1 group) plus cisplatin 100 mg/m2 on days 1 and 22, with the study drug administered 3 days prior to starting CRT and then weekly for 6 weeks. Patients who underwent radiotherapy after 6 weeks received an additional 100 mg/m2 of cisplatin and study drug. Oral saline rinses, topical anesthetics, feeding tubes, and hematopoietic [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-20T10:21:43-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

Primary component in turmeric kicks off cancer-killing mechanisms in human saliva

Source: Eurekalert.org Curcumin, the main component in the spice turmeric, suppresses a cell signaling pathway that drives the growth of head and neck cancer, according to a pilot study using human saliva by researchers at UCLA's Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center. The inhibition of the cell signaling pathway also correlated with reduced expression of a number of pro-inflammatory cytokines, or signaling molecules, in the saliva that promote cancer growth, said Dr. Marilene Wang, a professor of head and neck surgery, senior author of the study and a Jonsson Cancer Center researcher. "This study shows that curcumin can work in the mouths of patients with head and neck malignancies and reduce activities that promote cancer growth," Wang said. "And it not only affected the cancer by inhibiting a critical cell signaling pathway, it also affected the saliva itself by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines within the saliva." The study appears Sept. 15 in Clinical Cancer Research, a peer-reviewed journal of the American Association of Cancer Research. Turmeric is a naturally occurring spice widely used in South Asian and Middle Eastern cooking and has long been known to have medicinal properties, attributed to its anti-inflammatory effects. Previous studies have shown it can suppress the growth of certain cancers. In India, women for years have been using turmeric as an anti-aging agent rubbed into their skin, to treat cramps during menstruation and as a poultice on the skin to promote wound healing. A 2005 study by Wang and her team first showed that curcumin suppressed the [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-13T11:02:22-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

HPV- Related Head and Neck Cancers Increase while Non-HPV Related Head and Neck Cancers Decrease in Canada

Source: SAGE Journals Online Abstract Objective: 1) Learn how the incidence of HPV-related and non-HPV-related Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) in Canada has changed in the time period 1992 to 2008. 2) Learn how the age at diagnosis and overall survival for these cancers in Canada has changed over that period. Method: We used Canadian Cancer Registry Data (1992-2008), categorizing HNCs into 3 groups: (High (HHPV), ie, oropharynx; Moderate (MHPV), ie, oral cavity; and Low (LHPV), ie, larynx); based on the probability that HPV causes the cancer. We calculated age-adjusted incidence, median age at diagnosis, and survival for each category. Results: HHPV cancers increased in incidence at an average annual rate (AAR) of 1.02% (P = .010); MHPV and LHPV cancers decreased at an AAR of 2.38% (P = .000) and 3.67% (P = .000) respectively. The median age at diagnosis for HHPV cancers decreased by an average of 0.23 years/year (P = .000). There was no change for MHPV and an increase for LHPV of 0.10 years/year (P = .008). Survival for patients with HHPV cancers increased by 2.1%/year (P = .000), compared with an increase of 1.6% per year for MHPV (P = .003) and a marginal increase in LHPV of 0.6% per year (P = .002). Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV-related head and neck cancers in Canada is increasing, while the prevalence of non-HPV–related head and neck cancers is decreasing. This has been accompanied by a decrease in both age at diagnosis and mortality in HPV related [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-05T09:01:50-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

New Research Proves Cancer-Fighting Virus can Kill Tumor Cells Without Harming Healthy Tissue

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Researchers have shown for the first time that a single intravenous infusion of a genetically engineered virus can home in on cancer, killing tumor cells in patients without harming healthy tissue. Scientists have been intrigued for decades with the idea of using viruses to alert the immune system to seek and destroy cancerous cells. That interest has taken off in recent years as advances in genetic engineering allow them to customize viruses that target tumors. The field received a boost in January when biotech giant Amgen Inc agreed to pay up to $1 billion for BioVex, the developer of experimental cancer-fighting virus OncoVex. But the only "oncolytic virus" so far approved by a regulatory agency is for treatment of head and neck cancer in China. In a study published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, scientists at institutions including the University of Ottawa and privately held biotech company Jennerex Inc said a small, early-stage trial of experimental viral therapy JX-954 found that it consistently infected tumors with only minimal and temporary side effects. The experimental virus will next be tested in a mid-stage trial of patients with liver cancer. "With chemotherapy you get drastic side effects," said Dr. John Bell, chief scientific officer at Jennerex and senior scientist at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. "Patients on this treatment only had 24-hour flu symptoms, and nothing after that." The trial, which involved 23 patients with various types of advanced cancer, was designed to assess the safety of [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-01T10:59:03-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

New Study for Cancer Patients to Help Improve the Body’s Ability to Fight Illness

Source: Sign On San Diego A Santa Monica research center will test an experimental therapeutic filtering device being developed by Aethlon Medical on blood taken from cancer patients, the San Diego company said Wednesday. The study will target exosomes, bubbles of protein and RNA molecules excreted by cancerous cells that can block immune system cells from fighting the illness. By removing exosomes from circulating blood, Aethlon officials hope their device will improve the body's ability to fight cancer and the effectiveness of treatments such as chemotherapy. Blood taken from 25 patients with non-small cell lung cancer, prostate cancer, melanoma, sarcoma, and head and neck cancer will be circulated through the Hemopurifier device. In clinical use, blood would be filltered directly from the patient and returned to the body in a similar way to kidney dialysis. However, in the newly announced pre-clinical trial blood will not be returned to patients, Aethlon Chairman and Chief Executive Officer James Joyce said. "If we validate that our Hemopurifier is efficient in capturing exosomes, its possible that we could transition towards a human treatment study to evaluate exosome clearance from the entire circulatory system," he said. The test will be conducted by the Sarcoma Oncology Center, a nonprofit independent research institute focused on cancer therapy development. "This clinical histological study is a critical validation step in Aethlon's Hemopurifier strategy for cancer," said Dr. Sant Chawla, the trial's chief investigator. "The concept of 'subtractive therapy', eliminating a major mechanism of tumor progression and resistance to drugs, [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-08-25T09:51:41-07:00August, 2011|Oral Cancer News|