10/17/2005 Denver, CO press release PharmaLive (www.medadnews.com) ImClone Systems Incorporated today announced the launch of a first-of-its-kind, independent national registry of patients with head and neck cancer known as LORHAN (Longitudinal Oncology Registry of Head And Neck carcinoma) at the 2005 American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ASTRO) Annual Meeting in Denver. LORHAN will gather together detailed information, including treatment and supportive care choices as well as recurrence and survival outcomes, into a national database via a confidential Web-based system. The registry will then allow physicians participating in the registry to compare the treatment outcomes of their patients to a national database. LORHAN will also determine whether the results of treatment-changing clinical studies are being incorporated effectively into daily practice, and compare treatment practices in community and academic settings. An estimated 26,400 patients will be eligible to enter the system each year, of which approximately 1,000 are expected to be enrolled. The American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) has approved use of LORHAN for medical oncologists wishing to satisfy a part of their re-certification related to practice performance. ABIM Certification is designed to assure the public that a medical specialist possesses the knowledge, experience, and skills requisite to the provision of high quality patient care. "This registry is unique in that it is the first time that the overall management of head and neck cancer will be tracked across academic centers and community settings," said Eric K. Rowinsky, M.D., Senior Vice President and Chief Medical Officer of ImClone Systems. [...]

10/17/2005 London, England staff BBC News (news.bbc.co.uk) An invention that helps throat cancer patients to speak has won first prize at the national NHS Innovation Awards. The Sunderland Air Pressure Meter allows doctors to choose the right prosthetic speech valve for patients who have had their larynx removed. Until this breakthrough, speech and language therapists relied on trial and error to select the right valve. The meter was developed by Regional Medical Physics Department (RMPD) staff based at Sunderland Royal Hospital. 'Monitor progress' The device is the result of five years of research and development, and will now be sold to hospitals around the country. It beat 17 other regional finalists to the award, which will be presented to consultant medical physicist who led the RMPD team, Bill Allan, by the Health Minister responsible for innovation, on Monday. Mr Allan said: "The valves are used by the speech and language therapists on patients who have had a total laryngectomy. "Using modern technology, we can put a small prosthetic valve in the oesophagus that allows them to speak. "Our device measures the air pressure and helps choose a valve that is right for the patient. It also helps us monitor a patient's progress."

10/17/2005 Houston, TX ER Gritz, C Dresler, and L Sarna Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev., October 1, 2005; 14(10): 2287-93 Tobacco use is universally recognized as the foremost preventable cause of cancer in the United States and globally and is responsible for 30% of all cancer-related deaths in the United States. Tobacco use, including exposure to secondhand smoke has been implicated as a causal or contributory agent in an ever-expanding list of cancers, including lung, oral cavity and pharynx, pancreas, liver, kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, uterine cervix, and myeloid leukemia. In addition to and independent of the etiologic effects of tobacco carcinogens in numerous cancers, there is a growing literature on the direct and indirect effects of smoking on treatment efficacy (short-term and long-term outcomes), toxicity and morbidity, quality of life (QOL), recurrence, second primary tumors (SPT), and survival time as summarized below. Oncology health professionals have called for increased advocacy for tobacco control. Despite the critical relevance of smoking to cancer outcomes, most oncology clinical trials do not collect data on smoking history and status unless the malignancy is widely acknowledged as smoking related (e.g., lung or head and neck cancer). Usually, these data are collected only at trial registration. Changes in smoking status during treatment or follow-up are monitored in very few trials and are infrequently reported in sample descriptions or included in analysis plans as a potential moderator of outcomes. Based on mounting evidence that tobacco use affects cancer treatment outcomes and survival, we recommend that smoking history [...]

10/17/2005 Pittsburgh, PA Miranda Hitti WebMDHealth (mywebmd.com) The process of diagnosing cancer can be tricky, and when it goes wrong, it could impact patients, a new study shows. The report, published in Cancer, examines cancer diagnosis data from four unnamed U.S. institutions. The vast majority of cancer diagnoses had no errors. However, some errors in cancer diagnosis did show up, and experts had different opinions about how those errors might have affected patients. The researchers included Stephen Raab, MD. He works in the pathology department of the University of Pittsburgh's medical school. Diagnostic Errors The frequency of cancer diagnosis errors varied between the institutions, Raab's team notes. Errors were rare across the board. For gynecological cases, error frequency ranged from less than 2% to about 9%. For nongynecological cases, the range was nearly 5% to 12%, the researchers write. All four institutions showed a "relatively high number" of nongynecological errors from specimens taken from the urinary tract and lung, the researchers note. The Big Picture The researchers estimated how common diagnostic errors might be in the U.S., assuming similar figures nationwide. Take the Pap test, for example. The Pap test can screen for cancerous or precancerous abnormalities of the cervix, which is part of women's reproductive system. If 50 million U.S. women get Pap tests in a year, at least 150,000 of them would have a diagnostic error in their test's results, write the researchers. Or, let's say 5 million people got a nongynecological test, such as one from the [...]

10/14/2005 Simon Frantz [email protected] Forget drugs carefully designed to hit one particular molecule — a better way of treating complex diseases such as cancer may be to aim for several targets at once, says Simon Frantz. It's not often that a science lecture can turn a person on to the idea of promiscuity. But when Michael Heinrich heard a talk about a promising new cancer drug, it triggered a transformation of his ideas about how to target disease. It sounds heretical, but Heinrich and others are now saying that 'magic bullet' drugs designed to hit single biological targets might not be the answer to treating complex illnesses such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. The future, they say, could be in drugs that are less picky about their molecular partners. Heinrich's turning point was a seminar given in early 1998 at the Oregon Health and Science University Cancer Institute in Portland, where he worked. Brian Druker, a molecular biologist in the medical department at the same university, was talking about the revolutionary leukaemia treatment Gleevec (imatinib mesylate). Made by Swiss drug company Novartis, Gleevec was designed to zero in on a single protein in cancerous cells, specifically killing them while leaving healthy cells unharmed. It proved to be spectacularly effective and non-toxic. Compared with the relatively indiscriminate action and distressing side effects of conventional cancer treatments, Gleevec seemed to vindicate the single-target approach to drug discovery. But it soon became clear that Gleevec was not as specific as its creators had [...]

10/11/2005 Italy staff Medicinenews.net (www.xagena.it) A relatively common cancer susceptibility gene appears to be frequently acquired in metastatic lesions from colorectal cancer, and give cancer cells a growth advantage. Transforming growth factor beta ( TGF-beta ) is a potent naturally occurring inhibitor of cell growth. It exerts its action by binding to type I ( TGFBR1 ) and type II ( TGFBR2 ) receptors located on the cell membrane. Increased cell growth due to decreased TGF-beta growth inhibition may contribute to cancer development. TGFBR1*6A is a common polymorphism of TGFBR1. Previous studies have shown that TGFBR1*6A is one of the first candidate tumor susceptibility alleles that is found in a large proportion of the general population 13.7 percen) and significantly increases cancer risk by approximately 24 percent. How TGFBR1*6A contributes to cancer development is largely unknown. Boris Pasche, of Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, and colleagues conducted a study that included 531 patients with a diagnosis of head and neck cancer, colorectal cancer, or breast cancer recruited from 3 centers in the United States and from 1 center in Spain from June 1, 1994, through June 30, 2004. Multiple genetic testing of the cancer cells was conducted. The researchers found that TGFBR1 mutated into TGFBR1*6A, i.e. was somatically acquired, in 13 of 44 ( 29.5 percent ) colorectal cancer metastases, in 4 of 157 ( 2.5 percent ) of colorectal tumors, in 4 of 226 ( 1.8 percent ) head and neck primary tumors, and in none of [...]

10/11/2005 New Zealand press release Scoop Independent News (www.scoop.co.nz) A graphic new television commercial showing the effects of smoking on the lungs will be launched in New Zealand on Sunday 16 October. The new Quit Group commercial shows the amount of tar deposited on an average smoker's lungs over a year. Quit Group Medical Advisor Peter Martin says over a year 150 mls of tar is deposited in the lungs of smokers who smoke 18 or 19 cigarettes each day. In its condensed form, tar is a sticky brown substance that is the main cause of lung and throat cancer in smokers. Tar can also cause unsightly yellow-brown stains on fingers and teeth, Dr Martin says. "The images showing the damage caused by tar to the lungs are graphic and confronting but realistic." Dr Martin says tar absorbed by the lungs can cause lung cells to die. Cigarette smoke paralyses or destroys the fine hairs (cilia) that line the upper airways and help protect against infection, he says. "When these fine hairs are damaged, tar can penetrate even further into your lungs, where it can do even more damage." The main message of the new commercial is that every cigarette is doing you damage. However Dr Martin says smokers' lungs will improve if they quit smoking. "Cilia that are paralysed (and not destroyed) can start to recover within three months and remove mucus from the lungs. Smokers who quit will see an improvement in chest and lung conditions such as [...]

10/10/2005 Detroit, MI Karen Buffard Detroit News (www.detnews.com) Sometimes, it's hard for Bill Downs to speak because a near-fatal bout with cancer robbed him of his salivary glands 15 years ago. But the 70-year-old Detroiter often speaks to community groups -- as many as three a week -- to share his hopeful tale of surviving cancer. It's just one of Downs' many volunteer efforts. He has devoted his life to volunteer activities, from starting the first Little League team in his neighborhood to coaching Junior Achievement and working on behalf of the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute and the United Way. "Sometimes my voice is cracking because I've had surgery 11 times in my neck area," said Downs, who suffered an aggressive form of head and neck cancer. "But I still do volunteer work. "I've been doing it for 35 years, and I think I've done just about everything you can think of." Born and raised in West Virginia, Downs came to Detroit, where he thought job opportunities would be better. His first job was picking up car parts for mechanics at an auto dealership. But eventually, he opened his own party store, Billy D's, on the corner of 14th Street and McGraw in Detroit. That's when the volunteer work started. "Kids (in the neighborhood) didn't have anything to do; they were just hanging out and getting in trouble," Downs said. "I said 'Why don't you play some baseball?' "I got all the instructions on how to start a team, [...]

10/9/2005 Dallas, TX Kathy LaTour Cure Magazine, October 2005 Looking at Larry Menkhoff, it’s hard not to be a little skeptical as he launches into his history with oral cavity cancer. In 1999 the discovery of a tumor against his upper teeth and palate resulted in removal of the teeth on the upper left side, half of his palate and jawbone and a sinus cavity. The discovery of another tumor in a salivary gland a few years later meant more surgery and radiation. But to any but the highly observant, Menkhoff looks normal, a comment that prompts him to remove the prosthesis that fills out his cheek and sinus cavity for closer inspection. “It’s the gift that keeps on giving,” Menkhoff says of his cancer. What Is It Oral cavity cancer is included in the larger category of head and neck cancers (see sidebar), which account for 3 to 5 percent of all cancers diagnosed in the United States and result in nearly 13,000 deaths a year. There are more than 500,000 head and neck cancer survivors living in the United States today. In addition to oral cavity cancer, cancers of the larynx, pharynx, salivary glands and lymph nodes are also included in the designation. Within each location are subsites, says Nancy Leupold, oral cavity cancer survivor and founder of Support for People with Oral and Head and Neck Cancer (SPOHNC). “There are so many locations for head and neck cancer and then each of those have subsites and then [...]

10/8/2005 San Francisco, CA staff MedIndia (www.medindia.net) Gold nanoparticles are potential and very practical agents in therapeutic applications. Researchers from the University of California, San Francisco and Georgia Institute of Technology, writing Cancer Letters (Available online 28 September) demonstrate the efficiency of gold nanospheres as photothermal agent by selectively delivering gold nanoparticles to oral carcinoma cells that overexpress EGFR, a clinically related cancer biomarker, and discuss the potential of using this selective technique in molecularly targeted photothermal therapy. In the study, two oral squamous carcinoma cell lines and one benign epithelial cell line were incubated with anti-epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody conjugated gold nanoparticles and then exposed to continuous visible argon ion laser at 514 nm. It was found that the malignant cells required less than half the laser energy to be killed than the benign cells after incubation with anti-EGFR antibody conjugated Gold nanoparticles. No photothermal destruction was observed for all types of cells in the absence of nanoparticles at four times energy required to kill the malignant cells with anti-EGFR/Au conjugates bonded. Gold nanoparticles thus offer a novel class of selective photothermal agents using a CW laser at low powers. Photodynamic therapy for the management of malignant tumors is gaining acceptance in Europe and United States for various malignancies as new generation of photosensitizers becomes available and technological improvement in the delivery of light occurs. It is an attractive alternative to surgery or radiation with less morbidity and can preserve the anatomic and functional integrity of many [...]