12/14/2005 Hoboken, NJ staff newsinferno.com (www.newsinferno.com) A new study conducted by researchers at the University of Minnesota reveals that the consumption of high levels of dietary iron is linked to an increased risk of throat and stomach cancer. The study, which was led by Dr. David R. Jacobs and published in the International Journal of Cancer, looked at data from the Iowa Women’s Health Study which surveyed 34,708 postmenopausal women between the ages of 55 and 69 about their food consumption. The study was conducted over the course of 16 years. During that time, there were reports of 52 cases of stomach cancer and 23 cases of throat cancer. Researchers identified a positive correlation between iron intake and the risk of these upper digestive tract cancers. The opposite connection was observed between zinc intake and the risk of cancer. Other potential risk factors such as body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, physical activity, multivitamin intake, and the intake of saturated fat, retinol, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folate from food supplements were not considered in terms of their effect on the results. According to the researchers; “Our current and previous results strongly suggest that both iron and zinc play important roles in carcinogenesis of digestive tract, probably through the mechanism of oxidative stress.”

12/14/2005 Bethesda, MD Aimee r. Kreimer et al. Int J Cancer, December 5, 2005 Tobacco and alcohol use are the main risk factors for oral and oropharyngeal cancers, yet, dietary habits may also be of importance. Data from a series of case-control studies conducted in 9 countries worldwide (1,670 cases and 1,732 controls) were used to investigate the role of several food groups and body mass index (BMI). Low BMI significantly increased the odds ratio (OR) of cancer more than 2-fold among ever- and never-tobacco users and ever- and never-alcohol drinkers. After adjustment for potential confounders, high intake of fruits and vegetables significantly reduced the OR of cancer compared to low intake among ever-tobacco users (OR 0.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-0.6), although not among never-tobacco users (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.6-2.0). Similarly, the protective effect of high fruit and vegetable consumption was present among ever-drinkers (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.6), but not among never-drinkers (OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.6-1.6). In conclusion, low BMI increases the risk of oral cancer, and vegetables and fruits may modulate the carcinogenic effects of tobacco and alcohol. Authors: Aimee R Kreimer, Giorgia Randi, Rolando Herrero, Xavier Castellsague, Carlo La Vecchia, and Silvia Franceschi Authors' affiliation: Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

12/12/2005 Austin, TX staff www.news3austin.com The American Cancer Society predicts nearly 30,000 new cases of cancer in the oral cavity and pharynx will be diagnosed in 2005. It is more common in men than women -- primarily in men over age 50. People who use tobacco products and alcohol heavily are at an increased risk. Signs of oral cancer may include a sore that bleeds easily and doesn't heal, a lump or a thickening, a red or white patch that doesn't go away, or difficulties swallowing. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are all used, depending on many factors. "In the last 10 years or so, a lot more attempts are being made to treat patients non-surgically to avoid the functional and anatomic problems that come from surgery in the head and neck area," Dr. Bill Carroll, an otolaryngologist at the University of Alabama, said. As a result, doctors are using aggressive treatments of chemotherapy and radiation. "Radiation and chemotherapy are very effective in controlling a lot of these cancers, so the cancer cells die, but there is a price to be paid in the normal tissue," Carroll said. Radiation causes a lot of scar tissue, so patients lose not only many of the salivary glands but also the normal flexibility of the tissue. As a result, patients have severe pain while undergoing treatment. Patients have a feeding tube inserted prior to the beginning of treatment so at the height of their pain they can still get nutrients. Carroll and his colleagues [...]

12/11/2005 New York, NY Graciela Flores Reuters (today.reuters.com) For people with cancer of the larynx or lower pharynx, continuing to smoke or drink alcohol make it less likely that they'll survive, while eating a diet rich in vegetables and vitamin C improves their survival, a new study shows. "One might think, now I that have cancer, what's the point of stopping smoking? But there is clearly a benefit in doing that; it will improve your survival," Dr. Rajesh P. Dikshit commented to Reuters Health. Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, and diet have all been linked to the development of cancer in the larynx, or voicebox, and the area immediately above it at the back of the throat, the hypopharynx. However, little was known about the role of these risk factors on the survival of patients with these cancers. Dikshit, working for the International Agency for Research on Cancer in Lyon, France, and his colleagues conducted a study to analyze the survival of patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer. They followed 931 patients who had enrolled in a previous cancer study that had started in the early 80s, and analyzed the role of tobacco, alcohol and diet on cancer outcome in these patients for up to 21 years. As they report in the International Journal of Cancer, the investigators found that smoking was the most important factor adversely affecting the patient's survival, particularly in those patients with tumors in the larynx. "This is a very important finding," Dikshit told Reuters Health. "We [...]

12/10/2005 Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN Jamie VanGeest The Minnesota Daily (www.mndaily.com) Sue Linder sat in the dentist’s chair staring into the bright light as doctors examined the crevices of her mouth. Two months ago, Linder of Bloomington had a sore in her mouth that wouldn’t go away. Her dentist referred her to the country’s only oral clinic that studies and treats precancerous mouth lesions. The clinic is a part of the University’s Academic Health Center. While Linder attempted to proudly speak about her daughter’s job with a newspaper in Fort Worth, Texas, Frank Ondrey, an ear, nose and throat doctor from the Medical School, and Nelson Rhodus, a professor of oral medicine at the University’s School of Dentistry, inspected her mouth. Linder is participating in a study to test a new drug. The drug treats cells of the mouth so they don’t become cancerous, Rhodus said. Oral cancer is the sixth-most common cancer in the United States. Half of people with oral cancer die within five years. Oral cancer has a survival rate worse than breast, colon and lung cancers, he said. Survival rates haven’t improved for oral cancer in the past 30 years, unlike with other cancers. This means there has not been a lot of research on the disease, Rhodus said. Ninety percent of people aren’t even aware that oral cancer exists, and many health care professionals aren’t either, he said. In the past, cases of oral cancer have been more prevalent in older people who smoke and drink [...]

12/10/2005 Sweden staff Join Together (www.jointogether.org) Swedish researchers said in a new report that use of wet snuff, or "snus," increases the risk of oral and pancreatic cancer and fatal heart disease -- findings that were attacked by snuff maker Swedish Match, Reuters reported Dec. 6. The research review by the Swedish National Institute of Public Health and the Karolinska Institute concluded that the snus -- sometimes touted as a safer alternative to smoking -- carries health hazards of its own. About one in five Swedes uses snus. "A review of findings from recent years ... shows that Swedish snuff is carcinogenic and raises the risk of death from heart disease," the report said. Swedish Match insisted that snus is less dangerous than smoking, noting that Swedes have lower rates of tobacco-related diseases. "That which is presented as an unbiased, scientific report has been adjusted to fit with the Institute of Public Health's anti-snuff attitude," the company said in a statement.

12/8/2005 Durham, North Carolina press release Duke University News (www.dukenews.edu) Duke University biochemists aided by Duke computer scientists and computational chemists have identified the likely way two key enzymes dock in an intricate three-dimensional puzzle-fit to regulate cell division. Solving the docking puzzle could lead to anticancer drugs to block the runaway cell division behind some cancers, said the researchers. Significantly, their insights arose not just from meticulous biochemical studies, but also from using sophisticated simulation techniques to perform "chemistry in the computer." In a paper published Nov. 24, 2005 online in the journal Biochemistry, members of the interdisciplinary collaboration described how they discovered the probable orientation required for a Cdc25B phosphatase enzyme to "dock" with and activate a cyclin-dependent kinase protein complex that also functions as an enzyme, known as Cdk2-pTpY--CycA. The work was funded by the National Institutes of Health. Detailed study of such docking is important because uncontrolled overreaction of the Cdc25 family of enzymes has been associated with the development of various cancers. Anti-cancer drugs that jam the enzyme, preventing its docking with the kinase, could halt cell over proliferation to treat such cancers. However, developing such drugs has been hampered by lack of detailed understanding of how the Cdc25s fit with their associated kinases. "To me this is the culmination of my six years here at Duke," said Johannes Rudolph, the Duke assistant professor of chemistry and biochemistry who led the research. "It's very exciting. I think it's a really hard problem." A successful docking [...]

12/8/2005 Florida staff Biocompare (www.biocompare.com) University of Florida researchers say they are a step closer to a technique to easily detect a wide variety of cancers before symptoms become apparent. The findings, currently online in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, involve introducing molecularly engineered strands of DNA into cell cultures and observing whether they unleash a fluorescent burst after they adhere to cancer proteins. The technique could enable doctors to search within extremely complex fluid or tissue samples to pinpoint biomarkers - proteins that signal that something is amiss. "Even when the cancer biomarkers are in extremely low concentration we have been able to detect them," said Weihong Tan, Ph.D., a UF Research Foundation professor of chemistry in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences and a member of the UF Genetics Institute, the UF Shands Cancer Center and the McKnight Brain Institute. "This approach could help for early diagnosis of cancer, as well as for detecting residual cancer in patients after treatment." It works by capitalizing on fluorescent molecules engineered into tiny strands of DNA or RNA. Known as aptamers, the strands act as molecular beacons, corresponding and readily binding to a sought-after substance such as cancer protein. In this case, the target was platelet derived growth factor, or PDGF, a protein that regulates cell growth and division. Elevated PDGF levels have been linked to different forms of cancer, and have been found in patients with malignancies of the ovaries, kidneys, lung, pancreas and brain. After [...]

12/15/2005 Carolina staff News14Carolina (rdu.news14.com) Each year, there are nearly 30,000 cases of head and neck cancer. Surgery, chemotherapy and radiation all have their benefits but can leave patients with a difficult time swallowing. Now, doctors are working to improve that. Allen Clark, M.D., is a plastic surgeon. But two years ago, he became a patient. "I actually had a lymph node come up in my neck," he says. "Being a physician -- a surgeon -- knowing what that means, I was pretty sure I had cancer." It was throat cancer. Doctors recommended chemotherapy and radiation. But radiation caused Clark's throat to tighten, and swallowing became excruciatingly painful. "It's almost like you're drinking hot coffee that's too hot, and you burn your throat, but you do that every day for six or seven weeks," Bill Carroll, M.D., an otolaryngologist at University of Alabama at Birmingham, tells Ivanhoe. Dr. Carroll and colleagues noticed patients who continued to swallow during treatment, instead of relying on a feeding tube, did better. Now, patients are taught a series of swallowing exercises they do before and during treatment. "One of the exercises that we did was we'd hold my tongue between my teeth and swallow," Clark says. Another is making a high-pitch "E" sound to elevate the larynx. All the exercises work to strengthen the tongue and throat muscles. Patients say the exercises are simple but can be painful. "But most of them do try," Dr. Carroll says. "And for the ones that are able [...]

12/3/2005 Fairfax, VA staff Doctor's Guide (www.docguide.com) Patients suffering from advanced head and neck cancer affecting their larynx can maintain vocal function by undergoing a combination of radiation therapy and chemotherapy instead of surgery to remove the larynx, according to a study published in the December 1, 2005, issue of the International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics. Doctors in the Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, Mich., studied 97 patients with advanced laryngeal cancer. All of the patients were given an initial course of chemotherapy and depending on their response to that treatment, they either underwent a laryngectomy to remove the larynx or received radiation therapy coupled with chemotherapy. The results showed that patients who were able to keep their larynx intact and underwent radiation therapy maintained a higher voice-related quality of life than those who had their larynx removed. While swallowing function was comparable between the two groups, understandability of speech was much better in patients who kept their larynx. In addition, 89% of patients with their larynx intact were able to obtain nutrition orally and without supplements, compared to 64% who underwent the laryngectomy. The overall three-year survival rate for all patients was 86%. "Undergoing the radiation, chemotherapy combination can increase toxicity levels in some patients, but maintaining the overall quality of life for those patients justifies the potential for added toxicity," said Kevin Fung, MD, FRCS(C), lead author of the study and currently a Head and Neck Surgeon [...]