September 2011 – Page 3 – Oral Cancer News

Strategy to conquer cancer drug resistance uncovered

Source: info.cancerresearchuk.org Author: staff US scientists have identified a way in which cancer cells can become resistant to the cancer drug cetuximab (Erbitux), and suggest that treatments that are already available might be able to overcome this resistance. Researchers from the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, US, have been studying why some patients only experience short-term benefits with cetuximab, or none at all. Cetuximab is an antibody that interferes with cancer cell growth. It can be given in combination with chemotherapy to patients with bowel cancer or head and neck cancer. Until now, scientists didn't know why some cancers failed to respond to the drug, or initially responded but then became resistant. The new study, published in Science Translational Medicine, found that in some of the drug-resistant cells, a protein known as ErbB2 (also known as HER2/neu) was sending 'grow' signals. These were bypassing the 'stop growing' signals caused by the drug. Pasi Janne, the study's co-senior author, said: "ErbB2 activates a critical signalling pathway that is not normally blocked by cetuximab, and in this way subverts cetuximab's function. "Because ErbB2 isn't affected by cetuximab, this is an easy way for cancers to become resistant to the drug." The researchers suggest that combining cetuximab with already available ErbB2 inhibitors such as trastuzumab (Herceptin) could produce an effective therapy to tackle cancers that previously showed resistance to cetuximab. Henry Scowcroft, science information manager at Cancer Research UK, said: "Unfortunately, patients's tumours can become resistant to treatment, and understanding why this happens is a major [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-09T05:32:14-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

Researchers Find New Hope for Oral Cancer

Source: Newswise.com NIH Director: rescuing and repurposing abandoned therapies for new uses could save time and money Newswise — COLUMBUS, Ohio. September 6, 2011. Scientists on the cutting edge of biomedical research know that research is a process – a combination of successes and failures that inform the next step forward. However, for some researchers at The Ohio State University progress means taking a step back. Supported by the Ohio State University Center for Clinical and Translational Science (CCTS), these scientists are using failed and forgotten research to uncover future treatments for major health conditions as diverse as oral cancer and stroke. In a recent editorial that detailed the goals of the soon-to-be launched National Center for Advancing Translational Science (NCATS), NIH Director Francis Collins, M.D. noted that the current research process for discovering new therapies is often slow, expensive and unsuccessful. He went on to describe several ways that translational medicine could revolutionize the system, including the idea of “repurposing and rescuing” drugs that could potentially have other uses - an idea being put into action at Ohio State. “The translational science approach puts cross-functional teams and new technologies to work in more efficient ways, ” says Rebecca Jackson, M.D., Associate Dean for Clinical Research in the College of Medicine and Principal Investigator of the Ohio State CCTS. “It allows our researchers to do innovative work – like resurrecting old data – that maintains a focus on answering questions that will make timely, positive impacts on the major health [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-07T16:00:59-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

New Evaluation for HPV16 Related Cancers Using “Pap-Test Equivalent”

Source: Cancer Prevention Research Abstract Human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for the rising incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OSCC) in the United States, and yet, no screening strategies have been evaluated. Secondary prevention by means of HPV detection and cervical cytology has led to a decline in cervical cancer incidence in the United States. Here, we explored an analogous strategy by evaluating associations between HPV16 infection, cytopathology, and histopathology in two populations at elevated risk for OSCCs. In the first, a cross-sectional study population (PAP1), cytology specimens were collected by means of brush biopsy from patients presenting with oropharyngeal abnormalities. In the second (PAP2), a nested case–control study, bilateral tonsillar cytology samples were collected at 12-month intervals from HIV-infected individuals. The presence of cytopathologic abnormality in HPV16-positive tonsil brush biopsies (cases) was compared with HPV16-negative samples (controls) matched on age and gender. HPV16 was detected in samples by consensus primer PCR and/or type-specific PCR. Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate associations. In PAP1, HPV16 alone (OR: 6.1, 95% CI: 1.6–22.7) or in combination with abnormal cytology (OR: 20, 95% CI: 4.2–95.4) was associated with OSCC. In PAP2, 4.7% (72 of 1,524) of tonsillar cytology specimens from HIV-infected individuals without oropharyngeal abnormalities were HPV16 positive. Tonsillar HPV16 infection was not associated with atypical squamous cells of unknown significance (ASCUS), the only cytologic abnormality identified. Therefore, HPV16 was associated with OSCCs among individuals with accessible oropharyngeal lesions but not with cytologic evidence of dysplasia among high-risk individuals without such lesions. [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-05T12:06:20-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

HPV- Related Head and Neck Cancers Increase while Non-HPV Related Head and Neck Cancers Decrease in Canada

Source: SAGE Journals Online Abstract Objective: 1) Learn how the incidence of HPV-related and non-HPV-related Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) in Canada has changed in the time period 1992 to 2008. 2) Learn how the age at diagnosis and overall survival for these cancers in Canada has changed over that period. Method: We used Canadian Cancer Registry Data (1992-2008), categorizing HNCs into 3 groups: (High (HHPV), ie, oropharynx; Moderate (MHPV), ie, oral cavity; and Low (LHPV), ie, larynx); based on the probability that HPV causes the cancer. We calculated age-adjusted incidence, median age at diagnosis, and survival for each category. Results: HHPV cancers increased in incidence at an average annual rate (AAR) of 1.02% (P = .010); MHPV and LHPV cancers decreased at an AAR of 2.38% (P = .000) and 3.67% (P = .000) respectively. The median age at diagnosis for HHPV cancers decreased by an average of 0.23 years/year (P = .000). There was no change for MHPV and an increase for LHPV of 0.10 years/year (P = .008). Survival for patients with HHPV cancers increased by 2.1%/year (P = .000), compared with an increase of 1.6% per year for MHPV (P = .003) and a marginal increase in LHPV of 0.6% per year (P = .002). Conclusion: The prevalence of HPV-related head and neck cancers in Canada is increasing, while the prevalence of non-HPV–related head and neck cancers is decreasing. This has been accompanied by a decrease in both age at diagnosis and mortality in HPV related [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-05T09:01:50-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

A step toward a saliva test for cancer

Source: www.sciencedaily.com Author: staff A new saliva test can measure the amount of potential carcinogens stuck to a person's DNA -- interfering with the action of genes involved in health and disease -- and could lead to a commercial test to help determine risks for cancer and other diseases, scientists reported in Denver during the 242nd National Meeting & Exposition of the American Chemical Society (ACS). "The test measures the amount of damaged DNA in a person's body," said Professor Hauh-Jyun Candy Chen, Ph.D., who led the research team. "This is very important because such damaged DNA -- we call this 'DNA adducts' -- is a biomarker that may help doctors diagnose diseases, monitor how effective a treatment is and also recommend things high-risk patients can do to reduce the chances of actually getting a disease," said Chen. The research team is at National Chung Cheng University (NCCU) in Taiwan. "We tried urine and blood and found these adducts. Then we turned our attention to saliva. It's much more convenient to collect a sample of saliva." A DNA adduct forms when a potentially cancer-causing substance is chemically attached to a strand of DNA, which makes up genes. People come into contact with such substances in the environment, certain workplaces and through everyday activities. Cigarette smoke, for instance, contains at least 20 known cancer-causing substances. When such a substance binds to DNA, it changes the DNA so that genes may not work normally. Our body has a built-in repair system that [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-02T19:27:30-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

Trans-oral robotic surgery has all the right stuff to remove head & neck cancers

Source: inventorspot.com Author: T Goodman Historically, surgical removal or oral and throat cancers have not allowed patients to go back to living their normal daily lives. Oral cancer removals caused severe pain, particularly ugly scarring, and an inability to eat, speak, or swallow normally. Even breathing problems might result. But now along comes TORS, the robot with the right stuff. Just over a dozen hospitals in the U.S. currently have the TORS, which stands for Trans-Oral Robotic Surgery. The system uses the da Vinci Surgical System, which has developed since the mid 90's to arguably be the most successful robotic surgery system in the world. It employs tiny robotic surgical instruments, operated from a command station by the appropriately trained human surgeon who maneuvers the robot's 'arms' and instruments. As with other da Vinci procedures, TORS has the benefits of being less invasive, with fewer complications and shorter hospital stays. There is less blood loss, little scarring, and fewer temporary and permanent side effects, such as loss of speech or swallowing ability. Generally, there is no need to begin cancer therapy with radiation, which would increase the discomfort and recovery time. Tamer A. Ghanem, M.D., Ph.D., director of Head and Neck Oncology and Reconstructive Surgery Division in the Department of OtolaryngologyHead & Neck Surgery at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, says that with TORS, "Surgeons operate with greater precision and control using the TORS approach, minimizing the pain, and reducing the risk of possible [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-02T19:22:47-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

Scientific literature supports safety of essential oil mouthrinses

Source: www.dentistryiq.com Author: Christine Charles, RDH Antimicrobial mouthrinses provide anti-plaque and anti-gingivitis benefits beyond brushing and flossing alone. An antimicrobial mouthrinse where the active ingredient is the fixed combination of four essential oils (EO), thymol, menthol, eucalyptol and methyl salicylate in a hydroalcohol solution (pharmaceutical grade ethanol functions as a solvent, a vehicle for the active ingredients and as a preservative in a mouthrinse), has been proven clinically effective and safe in over 50 clinical trials, including 6-month trials with plaque reductions up to 70.0%(1) and gingivitis reductions up to 36%(1,2) compared with negative control. Sharma, et al, showed the clinically significant incremental benefit of including an EO antimicrobial mouthrinse in a daily mechanical oral regimen of brushing and flossing.(3) Mechanical oral hygiene techniques generally focus on the teeth, but teeth comprise only about 25% of the surface area of the mouth. Bacteria are also prevalent on the other 75% of the mouth’s surface area, in bacterial reservoirs on the tongue, cheek, palate and oral mucosa.(4) A mouthrinse can reach the rest of the mouth, where a toothbrush and floss cannot. EO works by killing planktonic and biofilm-associated bacteria and a broad spectrum of bacteria and yeasts associated with halitosis, gingivitis and periodontitis by: (1) disrupting bacterial cell membranes and cell walls, (2) inhibiting bacterial growth and development, (3) inhibiting glucosyltransferase (gtf) enzymes, reducing extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) formation, and (4) reducing plaque endotoxin levels.(5) The scientific literature supports the safety of EO mouthrinses,(7-9) including use in xerostomic patients,(8) and evidence [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-02T19:11:29-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

Medicated patch shows promise in oral cancer prevention

Source: www.healthnewsdigest.com Author: press release Researchers at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center have developed a medicated oral patch that allows a chemoprevention drug to release directly into precancerous lesions in the mouth over an extended time. The study evaluated the drug fenretinide, a synthetic derivative of vitamin A that has highly promising anti-cancer properties. Until now, scientists have failed to achieve a therapeutic, systemic dose of fenretinide because of drug toxicity and rapid release from the body. By using a new mucoadhesive patch invented by a team from Ohio State’s Comprehensive Cancer Center – Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute (OSUCCC-James) and the University of Michigan, the researchers developed a delivery system that can provide continuous drug therapy to saliva-coated oral tissue. “The challenge with oral gels or rinses is the medication can dissolve in saliva before it penetrates into the tissue. This patch allows us to target and control drug delivery and tissue exposure,” says Dr. Susan Mallery, an oral pathologist at Ohio State’s Comprehensive Cancer Center. The patch consists of three layers: a disk saturated with fenretinide and polymers to make the drug more soluble in saliva, an adhesive ring to hold the disk in place, and a backing layer to ensure the medication stays within the patch. In their study recently published online by the journal Pharmaceutical Research, Mallery and co-investigator, Dr. Peter Larsen of Ohio State, tested the fenretinide patch using simulated saliva as well as lab animals. In [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-02T19:03:27-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

Democrat Shelly Leonard, Former House District Candidate, Fights Cancer Again

Source: TampaBay By: Mike Brassfield, Times Staff Writer CLEARWATER — When she ran against incumbent state Rep. Ed Hooper last year, Shelly Leonard wasn't your typical candidate. She was a 37-year-old single mother — and a survivor of oral cancer. The feisty Democrat made her cancer history a part of her stump speech, talking about the need to make health insurance accessible to more people. "My tongue is scarred," she would say on the campaign trail, "but I have a strong voice." More than 16,000 people voted for her in Clearwater-based House District 50. But nearly 24,000 voted to keep Republican Hooper in office, so Leonard went back to her job as a social worker. Now she's facing some bad news. Leonard's oral cancer has returned. She's scheduled to undergo major surgery today at Moffitt Cancer Center in Tampa. "She's having surgery to remove four malignant tumors," said her friend and campaign treasurer, Van Farber. "After they remove the tumors, there's a question of how much of her tongue will be left after surgery — will she be able to talk in her normal voice, or just a whisper?" As tough as that is, it's actually an improvement over what her prognosis had been. As recently as six weeks ago, Leonard was told that her tumors were so large, she could lose part of her chin and some of her teeth and would need significant reconstructive surgery. "The most positive thing is, her tumors have shrunk since then," Farber said. [...]

Charlotte Parker2011-09-02T10:43:31-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|

New Research Proves Cancer-Fighting Virus can Kill Tumor Cells Without Harming Healthy Tissue

LOS ANGELES (Reuters) - Researchers have shown for the first time that a single intravenous infusion of a genetically engineered virus can home in on cancer, killing tumor cells in patients without harming healthy tissue. Scientists have been intrigued for decades with the idea of using viruses to alert the immune system to seek and destroy cancerous cells. That interest has taken off in recent years as advances in genetic engineering allow them to customize viruses that target tumors. The field received a boost in January when biotech giant Amgen Inc agreed to pay up to $1 billion for BioVex, the developer of experimental cancer-fighting virus OncoVex. But the only "oncolytic virus" so far approved by a regulatory agency is for treatment of head and neck cancer in China. In a study published in the journal Nature on Wednesday, scientists at institutions including the University of Ottawa and privately held biotech company Jennerex Inc said a small, early-stage trial of experimental viral therapy JX-954 found that it consistently infected tumors with only minimal and temporary side effects. The experimental virus will next be tested in a mid-stage trial of patients with liver cancer. "With chemotherapy you get drastic side effects," said Dr. John Bell, chief scientific officer at Jennerex and senior scientist at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute. "Patients on this treatment only had 24-hour flu symptoms, and nothing after that." The trial, which involved 23 patients with various types of advanced cancer, was designed to assess the safety of [...]

Oral Cancer Foundation News Team - A2011-09-01T10:59:03-07:00September, 2011|Oral Cancer News|