Source: Iewy
Author: Staff

The National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), has awarded a joint, five-year, $1.25 million grant to Dr. Brian L. Schmidt, a Professor of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at the NYU College of Dentistry, and Dr. Markus Hardt, a protein chemist at the Boston Biomedical Research Institute, for a study of the molecular mechanisms of oral cancer pain.

The ultimate goal of the research is to spur the development of more sophisticated analgesics (pain medications) to alleviate the pain that is so often manifested in patients with oral cancer.

“Oral cancer is a logical place to start when seeking clues about cancer pain,” Dr. Schmidt said. “To begin, oral cancer is very painful. In fact, pain is the most common presenting symptom associated with this cancer. Secondly, oral cancer is painful at the primary site, not just at sites of metastasis as is the case in almost all other cancers. Lastly, the primary site of the oral cancer is readily accessible, enabling us to directly sample the cancer microenvironment.”

Dr. Schmidt hypothesizes that the cause of oral cancer pain and pain generated by other cancers may be produced along similar molecular pathways in the body. Oral cancer pain, like many other kinds of cancer pain, is triggered by specific actions. Just as oral cancers can cause patients to feel pain in the oral cavity when they speak, other cancers generate pain during mechanical stimulation. For example, if a breast cancer metastasizes to the vertebrae, patients often experience excruciating pain when they move their spine during routine functions.

“For too many people, living with cancer results in years of chronic pain,” Dr. Schmidt explained. “Moreover, cancer pain management hasn’t kept up with advances in cancer treatment. Today, doctors still rely on high doses of narcotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. These analgesics yield limited relief and have significant side effects that degrade the quality of life of those suffering from this disease. The untenable difficulties associated with pain management in my patients are exacerbated by longer survival times, since many of these survivors develop a tolerance to the narcotics. Ever larger doses are then required for those we are not able to cure.”

Dr. Schmidt will enroll oral cancer patients in the NIH-funded study through the NYU Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, which he directs. Pain levels reported by patients will be determined using an oral cancer pain questionnaire that Dr. Schmidt created and published in 2004 in the Journal of Pain. He later validated this questionnaire by measuring patients’ pain prior to and after complete removal of the cancer (Journal of Pain, 2007). When Dr. Schmidt performs surgery on a patient to remove the oral cancer, he will place a microdialysis probe — a semi-invasive sampling technique — into the cancer to test it for proteins and peptides that produce cancer pain.

Dr. Hardt will then use mass spectrometry to identify which of the sampled molecules correlate with patients’ reported pain. The selected protein and peptide pain-producing candidates will be evaluated in Dr. Schmidt’s laboratory to confirm their role in producing pain.

According to Dr. Schmidt, the study marks the first use of real-time, intraoperative microdialysis for the analysis of cancer. “It is hoped that a better understanding of cancer pain mechanisms resulting from the study will lead to the development of new medications that can block those mechanisms,” Dr. Schmidt said.

About New York University College of Dentistry Founded in 1865, New York University College of Dentistry (NYUCD) is the third oldest and the largest dental school in the US, educating more than 8 percent of all dentists. NYUCD has a significant global reach and provides a level of national and international diversity among its students that is unmatched by any other dental school.