11/14/2006 Prague, Czech Republic Chris Berrie Doctor's Guide (www.docguide.com) The tubulin-polymerising agent ixabepilone (BMS 247550; NSC 710428) is active and tolerable in taxane-naive patients with metastatic/ recurrent squamous cell cancer of the head and neck (SCCHN), according to results of a randomised, phase 2 study. The findings were presented here on November 10th at the American Association for Cancer Research 18th Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics - National Cancer Institute - 18th European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (AACR-NCI-EORTC). The epothilones are derived from fermentation of myxobacteria and they have been shown to have broad-spectrum antitumour activity. Thus, as principal investigator Barbara Burtness, MD, attending physician, medical oncology, division of medical sciences, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, said of this semi-synthetic epothilone derivative, "Ixabepilone is a novel tubulin-polymerising agent, which has the same target as the taxanes, but there is preclinical evidence that ixabepilone is active even if there are tubulin mutations or if MDR is over-expressed, the basis for taxane resistance." Eligibility for study entry required measurable SCCHN, with distant metastases and locoregional recurrence/ persistence. Up to 2 prior treatment regimens for recurrent/ metastatic disease were allowed (including taxanes), accompanied by: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, 0/1; absolute neutrophil count, >1,500/mm2; adequate renal/ hepatic function. "It is also important to note that the majority of the taxane-naive patients in this study had previously been exposed to chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy," added Dr. Burtness. Patients were stratified according to previous taxane exposure, then [...]

11/12/2006 Canton, OH Shane Hoover CantonRep.com Michael A. White used to smoke. He chews tobacco now, and he has his reasons. “I didn’t want lung cancer,” the 18-year-old senior said while skateboarding outside Alliance High School. He knows chewing tobacco has its own health risks — mouth and throat cancers and “holes through your lips.” He also knows he’s addicted, but he’d rather chew than smoke, he said. “In a way it’s because other people around you don’t get secondhand smoke and it doesn’t make you lose your breath as easy,” White said. White’s story is not unique — to himself or to his school. While cigarettes are the most popular tobacco product, an estimated 11 percent of high school boys use chewing tobacco or moist snuff, sometimes referred to as dip, according to federal studies. Smokeless tobacco use for adult men drops to 6 percent. It is rare among women and teenage girls. But as laws further restrict smoking in Ohio and across the country, tobacco companies are targeting smokers in hopes that they will turn to the cigarette’s smokeless cousins. It’s a move that has anti-tobacco groups concerned. $50 A MONTH White started chewing five years ago. His decision to chew was based on economic, health and social concerns. His brand of choice is Grizzly Wintergreen Long Cut. He estimated he spends about $50 a month on tobacco, but a can lasts three or four days, compared with 1 1/2 days for a pack of cigarettes. So overall, [...]

11/12/2006 Australia Marg Wenham The Courier Mail (www.news.com.au) Australians were last night presented with the most gruesome anti-smoking advertisement aired yet. The ad, depicting a female smoker whose face is severely disfigured from mouth and throat cancer, was broadcast after 9.30pm due to its graphic nature. At the ad's launch yesterday, Parliamentary Secretary to the Minister for Health, Karen Struthers, said she believed the anti-smoking commercial was the most graphic ever produced in Australia. Costing $440,000 and jointly funded by the Government and the Queensland Cancer Fund, its target was adults. "We make no apologies for the graphic nature of the ad," she said. "We must be brutally honest about the devastating consequences of smoking." Ms Struthers said smoking was a major cause of cancers of the mouth and throat. In 2003, 2052 Australians, including 211 Queenslanders, died from such cancers. Queensland Health oral health consultant Dr Arabelle Clayden said the advertisement provided an accurate depiction of the ravages of mouth and throat cancer and put a human face to the statistics. Those who developed it could lose teeth, parts of their tongue, jaw bone and larynx. They may never be able to properly eat, talk or breathe again and their appearance would be permanently disfigured. Only half of those treated, she said, survived. Queensland Cancer Fund's Dr Suzanne Steginga said the last advertising campaign run between May and July, which depicted the smoking-linked amputation of a gangrenous leg, had resulted in a 300 per cent increase in calls to [...]

11/11/2006 Memphis, TN staff CancerConsultants.com According to an article recently published in Radiation Oncology, Biology and Physics, intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) improves salivary flow and quality of life compared to conventional radiotherapy (CRT) for patients with early-stage nasopharyngeal cancer. The nasopharynx is the area above the soft palate (roof of the mouth) and behind the nose. Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a type of head and neck cancer. Approximately 40,000 people in the U.S. are diagnosed with head and neck cancer every year. Early NPC refers to cancer that has not spread from the site of origin to more distant sites in the body. Radiation therapy is often an integral part of treatment for early NPC. However, side effects from radiation therapy, such as xerostomia (dry mouth), are common. Patients may suffer from different degrees of xerostomia, which impair swallowing, chewing, eating, and speaking. Researchers continue to evaluate different ways to reduce xerostomia and other side effects from therapy. Researchers from Hong Kong recently conducted a clinical trial to evaluate the effect of IMRT on the quality of life of patients with early NPC. IMRT involves the use of higher doses of radiation therapy directed toward the cancerous cells, with lower doses of radiation directed toward surrounding tissue. This is in contrast to CRT, which directs the same doses of radiation to a specified area, meaning surrounding healthy tissue receives the same dose of radiation as cancerous tissue. This trial included 51 patients. One group was treated with CRT, and the other [...]

11/11/2006 Chicago, IL staff EarthTimes.org Rates of spit tobacco use by high school males are nothing to smile about, reports Oral Health America's National Spit Tobacco Education Program (NSTEP). Research by the independent group finds that nationally about one out of seven high school males currently use spit (or smokeless) tobacco products, and in some states that number is one out of four. Spit tobacco excise taxes, which can reduce use by children, are arguably low, also resulting in a national "D" grade. "We still have a lot of work to do to educate parents and children that spit tobacco is not harmless," said Robert Klaus, President and CEO of Oral Health America. "The tobacco industry spends millions of dollars every year to hook young people, including our armed service members, into a lifetime of addiction and health risks." Youth spit tobacco use appears to be at a stand-still, meaning that states may not continue to see declines from the past decade prompted by national and state education programs. While a number of states earning "F" grades have reduced rampant youth spit tobacco use, percentages remain unacceptably high. These states include Alabama, Arkansas, Kentucky, Montana, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Wyoming. Some of the highest-use states also lack meaningful excise taxes, notably Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Nebraska, New Mexico, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, West Virginia, and Wyoming. 12 Worst States: State Spit Tobacco Grades High School Male Use Spit Tobacco & Excise Tax Arkansas F D Indiana D [...]

11/9/2006 England Nick Gibbens www.999today.com Britain's increasing drinking culture could cause the number of mouth cancer cases to spiral to new levels, The British Dental Health Foundation (BDHF) has said. The oral health charity issued the warning after government statistics revealed the number of alcohol-related deaths in the UK has almost doubled since 1991. A total of 8,386 people died in 2005 from an alcohol-related illness, compared with just 4,144 in 1991, the Office for National Statistics said. The figures also discovered alcohol death rates were much higher for men than for women. According to the BDHF, one Briton is killed every five hours by mouth cancer, while people who drink alcohol to excess are four times more likely to develop the condition. Furthermore, heavy drinkers who also smoke are about 30 times more likely to develop mouth cancer, the BDHF added. Dr Nigel Carter, chief executive of the BDHF, said: "Most people are aware that smoking increases your cancer risk but not everyone realises just how dangerous excessive alcohol consumption can be. "People are drinking more and more these days and, with many so called 'social smokers' having a cigarette while they drink the likelihood is that the number of mouth cancer cases will continue to rise until people are forced to take notice." The BDHF's warning came in advance of Mouth Cancer Awareness Week (November 12-18). The campaign, which is being launched on November 13 by chief dental officer Barry Cockroft, aims to halt the continued rise in [...]

11/9/2006 New York, NY Martha Kerr CancerPage.com In a surprising finding, radiation oncologists reported that intravenous delivery is a safe, effective and much more manageable way to administer chemoradiation to patients with inoperable head and neck cancers. Intra-arterial delivery need not be the only option, Dutch researchers told attendees of the 48th annual meeting of the American Society of Therapeutic Radiation and Oncology held here this week in Philadelphia. Dr. Coen Rasch of The Netherlands Cancer Institute/Antoni van Leeuwenhouk Huis in Amsterdam described his team's study of 240 patients with inoperable head and neck cancers who were assigned to either intravenous or intra-arterial delivery of cisplatin plus radiation. Dr. Rasch said both approaches were equally effective. "The initial studies showed that intra-arterial administration is better," Dr. Rasch said. "Surprisingly, we found no differences at all" between the two delivery modes. "The incidence of side effects was different with each approach," he said. There were fewer adverse renal effects with intra-arterial delivery, but a higher incidence of TIAs." "Intravenous chemoradiation is now the standard of care at our institution," Dr. Rasch said. There are clinical situations where one approach may be preferable to the other. "Intra-arterial delivery is better for lateralized tumors, by infusing the artery on that side," Dr. Rasch advised. He added that a large tumor volume may also be better treated with intra-arterial delivery of treatment, but the data on that and the full effects on the kidneys is still being examined.

11/9/2006 Bethesda, MD Carlotta Galeone et al. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 84, No. 5, 1027-1032, November 2006 Background: Interest in the potential benefits of allium vegetables, in particular, onion (Allium cepa) and garlic (Allium sativum), has its origin in antiquity, but the details of these benefits are still open to discussion. Objective: We investigated the role of allium vegetables in the etiology of various neoplasms. Previous data are scanty and are based mainly on Chinese studies. Design: Using data from an integrated network of Italian and Swiss case-control studies, we analyzed the relation between frequency of onion and garlic use and cancer at several sites. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) by using multivariate logistic regression models that were adjusted for energy intake and other major covariates. Results: Consumption of onions varied between 0–14 and 0–22 portions/wk among cases and controls, respectively. The multivariate ORs for the highest category of onion and garlic intake were, respectively, 0.16 and 0.61 for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx, 0.12 and 0.43 for esophageal cancer, 0.44 and 0.74 for colorectal cancer, 0.17 and 0.56 for laryngeal cancer, 0.75 and 0.90 for breast cancer, 0.27 and 0.78 for ovarian cancer, 0.29 and 0.81 for prostate cancer, and 0.62 and 0.69 for renal cell cancer. Conclusions: This uniquely large data set from southern European populations shows an inverse association between the frequency of use of allium vegetables and the risk of several common cancers. Allium vegetables are a favorable correlate of cancer risk [...]

11/9/2006 United Kingdom M Kishino et al. British Journal of Radiology 2006, doi:10.1259/bjr/69420116 Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the brachytherapy for early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx (SCO) in relation to second primary upper digestive tract cancers (RUDT). Method: Between 1976 and 2001, 111 previously untreated patients with stage I or II SCO were treated by Au-198 seed brachytherapy alone (36 cases) or Au-198 seed brachytherapy plus external irradiation (75 cases). Of the 111 patients, 28 had stage I and 83 had stage II disease. Each patient was evaluated for therapeutic efficacy, post-treatment quality of life (QOL), and a second cancer. Findings: The 5-year and 10-year cause-specific actuarial survival rates for stage I and II SCOs were 87% and 86%, respectively. Although, the 5-year and 10-year survival rates for all SCO combined with second primary RUDT cancers were 71% and 45%, respectively. 51 second primary RUDT cancer occurred successively in 41 patients following treatment for early stage oropharyngeal cancer and was the sole prognostic factor by the multivariate analysis. Au-198 seed brachytherapy with/without ipsilateral external irradiation up to 30 Gy was associated with fewer late complications in the oral cavity and salivary gland. Conclusions: Our treatment policy of brachytherapy with/without external irradiation for patients with early stage SCO was effective and acceptable from the standpoint of tumour control and post-treatment QOL. Authors: M Kishino 1, H Shibuya 1, R Yoshimura 1, S M Miura 2, H Watanabe 2 Authors' affiliations: 1 Department of Radiology, Graduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental [...]

11/9/2006 United Kingdom press release MedicalNewsToday.com Although current surgical techniques and multi-modality treatment regimens allow organ preservation for a growing number of patients with head and neck cancers, remaining dependent on a feeding tube after treatment is a major problem for these patients. An analysis by Fox Chase Cancer Center researchers sought to identify which treatment-related factors are more likely to avoid feeding-tube dependency. "Three-dimensional treatment planning appears to have a significant impact on improving quality of life by reducing feeding tube dependency," said medical intern Linna Li, M.D., who presented the results today at the 48th Annual Meeting of the American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology in Philadelphia. The retrospective study analyzed treatment records since 1997 for patients receiving definitive radiation therapy--with or without surgery and chemotherapy--for squamous-cell carcinomas of the throat, including oropharynx, hypoharynx and larynx. Definitive radiotherapy is a curative course of radiation treatment designed to eradicate a known cancer. Eligible patients--a total of 90--had either stage III or IV cancer with no prior surgery or radiation therapy in the head and neck region and remained cancer-free 18 months or more after completing radiation therapy. The majority of patients were men (82 percent) who had oropharyngeal cancer (63 percent) with a T stage (extent of primary tumor, including size, at diagnosis) of either T2 or T3 (71 percent). Only 44 percent had neck surgery, but 58 percent had concurrent chemotherapy. Only 10 percent had radiation treatments using altered fractionation schemes. Sixty percent had two-dimensional treatment planning [...]